Navajo Rugs and Blankets

It is important to note from the beginning that there are conflicts among scholars as to the timetable regarding the development of Navajo weaving. Various sources will give conflicting dates as to the various time periods in the Navajo weaving history. The reader should understand, therefore, that any chronology of Navajo rugs and blankets is imprecise and bound to include time periods that overlap as well as exceptions. As the designs of Navajo blankets have changed over history older designs have continued to be produced, leading to more exceptions in dating. Below is a general look at the main time periods in Navajo weaving history.

The classic period of Navajo weaving includes items produced prior to 1868. During this time practical items of clothing were created by the Navajo for trade with the Spanish as well as their own use. The wool from the Spanish introduced Churro sheep was most often used for Navajo rugs and blankets during this time. During this time we see the introduction of the classic Navajo “chief’s” blanket. This item evolved into three distinct styles during the 1800s.

The transitional period of Navajo weaving lasted from approximately 1868 to 1910. During this time we see the movement away from wearing blankets toward rugs that could be sold to Anglos. As many Navajo during this time became accustomed to trading in a trading post and using commercially spun wool for their weaving. This included the use of Merino wool and synthetic dyes. These rugs and blankets tend to be brightly colored and roughly woven.

The rug period of Navajo weaving is thought to have been between around 1900 to 1930. During this time there was a further transition from wearable items to rugs to be used on the Anglos floors. In order to create products that Anglos would purchase the Navajo weavers began to incorporate a border on their rugs. The rugs also became heaver to appease Anglo thoughts about quality and durability. Many Navajo traders began to sell their products by the pound.

The revival period runs from around 1930 into 1950. During the 1930s the market for Navajo rugs almost disappeared, maybe in part due to the impact of the great depression. The revival period brought life back to the rug. The classic designs were again created, this time without borders and became successfully integrated into American homes.

The modern period for Navajo weaving began after World War II. This is a time marked by the increase in the quality of the rugs and the development of regional rugs. Tourists who traveled west looked for high quality, but inexpensive, Navajo items to take home with them. The rugs, while still brightly colored, now were more technically exact and did not contain the quirks visible in earlier Navajo weaving.